Resourcing Talent Assignment

Activity A (1000 words) 4 factors that affect an organization’s approach to attracting talent| * The type of talent they look to attract: I mean which competencies will be more suitable to the job they want. * The sector which the organization is operating in. As some sectors are much easier to find the talents than others. As sometimes so sectors got many employees working in than others for instance, in Egypt, It is much easier to find talents in Tourism and hospitality sector than to find in Nuclear energy sector! Corporate culture and how they accept the new employees: As this a major factor that would affect their approach; I mean to do it publicly so the employees know that the company is hiring a new CEO or that should be done secretly. * The size of the company is a crucial factor: Big businesses impress job candidates by offering a bevy of benefits, brand-name recognition and maybe even a big coffee brand name in the lobby of the company. The power of their brand: is definitely would affect their way. As big brands are easily to attract talents compared to a nameless brand.The resources available to them (financial and otherwise) that is why they would chose an easy to way to attract the talent (the recruitment method they would use) and their selection methods would be very tough to select the best from the big pool of candidates they get (attracting company). | 3 organization benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce| Recruitment reflections benefit:Recruiting and maintaining a diverse workforce has its effect on the talents pool that any organization has in its blood stream.Widening the view for recruitment for all ethnic groups, different sexes, and different religions will definitely help to have all types of talents in the same place that will be reflected on the business outcomes. Reputation:Enhancing the organization’s reputation and image with external stakeholders. Many observational studies and surveys have tried to explore this area and its impact on any organization and its business.One of them had a reflective results, as its findings revealed that of the people surveyed that were currently employed, 58 percent would take a job with a company that had a bad reputation of diversity if they were offered more money. However, on average, these individuals would only consider the job if offered double their current salary. So it is quite clear how diversity in the workplace is now considered one of the attractions to any employee and how its absence would affect the cost of operations. Culture benefit:Managing better the impact of globalization and technological changeImproving knowledge of how operate in different cultures. 3 factors that affect an organization’s approach to recruitment and selection| Legal framework and working ethics:As the unlawful discrimination is prohibited, fairness and equality of opportunity could have legal requirements to be considered in the recruitment an d selection processes. Budget:Budget is one of the crucial issues in any organization approach to recruitment and selection. For different types of recruitment methods, they have a variable cost; For example: the price of online recruitment websites is very low if compared to other recruitment methods like head hunters.And relying on different selection methods is highly affected by the budget, such as relying on assessment centers needs expertise and more cost compared to CV database, and so on. Availability of required job or post: Knowing how many people are specialized in the vacant positions will affect the approach of the organization to recruitment and selections methods. I mean for instance, if we are looking for a vacant position of janitor, there will be no need to have an online ad or national press ad or assessment center as a tool to select the candidates.While if we got a vacant of senior consultant IT or business expert, definitely these functions and tools might be a pplied to recruit because we might need a high voice tool to reach everywhere so online or press ads might work and also this post is not common to find. How important is the post for the organization and it is level on the structureThe level that the vacant position is working in in any organization definitely would affect the approach of any organization to select the recruitment and selection methods to use.For example, if the required employee is in the high level or for executive position, those people who might be interested are not normally, at least in our region, apply through general email or address though, so head hunters might be a great tool for such positions. | Discussion comparing and contrasting the benefits of 3 different selection methods| 1. Assessment centers * They are far more accurate than a standard recruitment process as they allow a broader range of selection methods to be used during the process. They enable interviewers to assess existing performance as well as predict future job performance. * They give the opportunity to assess and differentiate between candidates who seem very similar in quality on paper. * They give the candidates a better insight into the role as they are tested on exercises typical for the role they have applied for. * They help employers build an employer brand. Candidates who attend assessment centres which genuinely reflect the job and the organisation are often impressed by that company, even if they are rejected. The cost of an assessment centre is usually cheaper compared with the potential cost of many recruitment phases and the cost of recruitment errors. * They are a fair process – they complement an organisation’s diversity agenda and ensure that people are selected on the basis of merit alone. 2. Typical and structured interviewsWhen it comes to evaluating the advantages of typical structured interviews, the main advantage is that all the applicants have an equal opportunity to prove that they have the required skills and experience for the job.Additionally, as an initial selection process, the structured interview questions are basically set up in a manner which allows the interviewer to obtain all the initial data as well as professional details that he or she would want to know about every applicant. 3. Telephone screening * Telephone interviews are simpler to arrange, and the process itself takes much less time than face-to-face interview sessions. * When using this method as an initial screening process, the cost of interviewing a large number of candidates is much lower than if they were interviewed in person. Telephone interviewing also cuts costs when candidates live far away, since most businesses reimburse interviewee travel expenses. Using the telephone to screen out unsuitable candidates can greatly reduce these costs. * This format is an ideal way to assess a candidate's telephone manner. This is particularly helpful if the job requires telephone c ommunication skills or is heavily customer-service based. | Activity B-Portfolio and Interview Observation Introduction The HR department has followed a recruitment process for filling a vacancy request for â€Å"Office Manager† at ALICO.The recruitment process outlined below highlights the main elements for filling this vacancy which includes: Planning: Identifying need for recruitment Setting the criteria for the job ( drafting job description, person specifications, set of competencies) Resourcing: drafting a job ad Short listing: interview-based competency Selection Offer of Employment Reason for Recruitment There are three main reasons why we are recruiting for the position of â€Å"Office Manager† at our company: 1) Growth in Business Operations: Our insurance company is growing and consequently the business is increasing.We need employ a senior staff member to manage the growing number increasing set of responsibilities and functions at the First Nations Office. 2) Change in Business Objectives: Need for diversity in terms of nationality is necessary to align with the trend of Emiratisation across business sectors in the UAE. In this case, a Emirati national would be preferred as likely candidate to fill this position. 3) Employee Exit: the person previously in charge running the overall office services at the First Nations Office has been re-located to another branch in a different country.A new team member is required to run the existing operation and ensure efficiency and control over them and in case of additional functions. Job Description Position: Office Manager PURPOSE The office Manager is responsible for organizing and coordinating office operations and procedures in order to ensure organizational effectiveness and efficiency. SCOPE The Office Manager reports to the senior Administrative Office and is responsible for providing office management services to the First National Office.This includes maintain office services and effic iency, suprrvisi9ng office staff and maintain office records. RESPONSIBILITIES Maintain Office Services Main Activities Design and implement office policies Establish standards and procedures Organize office operations and procedures Supervise office staff Monitor and record long distance calls Prepare time sheets Control correspondence Review and supply requisitions Liase with other agencies, organizations and groups Update organizational memberships Maintain office equipment Supervise Office StaffAssign and monitor clerical and secretarial functions Recruit and select office staff Orient and train employees Provide on the job and other training opportunities Supervise staff Evaluate staff performance Coaching and disciplining staff Maintain Office Records Design filing system Ensure filing systems are maintained Define procedures for record retention Ensure protection and security of files and records Ensure effective transfer of files and records Transfer and dispose records acco rding to retention schedules and policies Ensure personnel files are up to date and secure.Maintain Office Efficiency Plan and implement office system, layout and system procurement Maintain and replenish inventory Check stock to determine inventory levels Anticipate needed supplies Verify receipt of supply Perform other related duties as required. 3. Person Specification Form Position Required:Office Manager Department:First Nations Office Location:Abu Dhabi | Essential| Desirable| Assessment Method| Qualification| | | | BA in Business Management or equivalent | X| | CV| CIPD certificate in HR| | X| CV| Experience| | | |Minimum 4 years in Management| X| | CV| Minimum 2 years in HR functions| | X| CV| Knowledge and skills| | | | Ability to use MS Office competently| X| | Interview| Ability to design and manage administrative systems| X| | CV, interview| Writing procedures and policies| X| | Interview| Basic Financial skills| | X| Interview| Managing records| X| | Interview| Good ora l and writing skills in Arabic and English| x| | Interview| Excellent Organization skills| X| | Interview| Knowledge of time management applications| X| | Interview| Leadership skills| X| | CV, Interview|Mentoring and coaching| | X| Interview| Interview Assessment Form Candidate's Name:Hayya Al Ali Post:Office Manager Panelists:Monette, Mustafa, Moamen, Abdulaziz Date:27th June 2012 Score (1-5)1 No-low evidence 5 Meets competency fully| Comments| Competencies | 3| * Candidate seemed confident and has a positive attitude. * Demonstrated interest in working for ALICO * Candidate showed â€Å"initiative† since she gave brief information about ALICO * She is familiar with IT systems due to her academic formation. * CIPD certificate provides knowledge on HR. She has knowledge on how to combine HR and IT | -Overall Impression-Academic/Work Experience * Why have you chosen to apply to this position? * Tell me about a typical day at work? * Why did you decide to do the CIPD certifica te? How are you applying it? | 4| * Displayed fluency in English and Arabic * Able to express herself easily * Low tone when speaking but confident * Displayed coordination skills with large groups (10+) as per her role in committees. * Displayed skills in communicating message across to staff through her induction program which she gives across departments. She gave examples on how empathy and listening skills helped her build rapport with her team members. * Able to communicate with senior managers and entry level employees * Displayed her skill in convincing and influencing where she argued her case regarding an employee based on evidence and the benefit for the company. * Displayed experience in presentation design and delivery through her work in committees and induction| Essential CompetencyCommunication and InfluenceCommunicates clearly and effectively with a wide variety of people both formally and informally. . Please explain a time or situation when you had to communicate your views or ideas to senior management to get support? 2. What were the problems encountered? How did you handle them? 3. Here you mentioned committee involvement, tell me more about this experience. | 4| * Displayed skill in working within a tight timeframe and prioritizing tasks according to an action plan. * Able to balance work and personal life where she mentioned that â€Å"time management† is an area she improved with time. Displayed planning skills in her ability to design workflow for the Orientation program. * Identified essential skills for planning which include team discussions, research, benchmarking, setting objectives and implementation. | Essential CompetencyPlanning and Organizing Tendency to establish an efficient and appropriate course of action for self and others 1. Tell me about an example where you had to plan and organize a task in a short time-frame. 2. Tell me about your experience in designing the Orientation program. Who did it involve? 3.What a re the tools that you used for recruitment and selection since you did that in your previous job? | 3| * Showed experience in leadership skills through her involvement in various committees where she acted as President. * Acquired skills in leadership by attending a multitude of forums on the subject * Showed experience in managing and coordinating team activities and assign/delegate responsibilities (approximately 17 people) * Managing â€Å"emotional situations† with staff with empathy. * Displayed firmness if employees do not complete a task they have been assigned. Identified that lessons learned from leadership are: planning, being firm and having people accountable for their work. * Tries to sympathize and listen to employees. | Essential CompetencyLeadership Promotes and generate of cooperation among the team to achieve a collective outcome 1. In your resume, you mention that you have â€Å"leadership† skills, can you elaborate more on this? How many people did you manage in your last job? what did you learn from that experience? 2. What are the best ways of improving the performance of a team? 3.Demonstrate how you use your leadership skills to achieve project 4. What did you learn? 5. Please describe a time when you had to provide feedback to others on their performance. How did you go 6. What kind of feedback did you provide? | 3| * She displayed professionalism and confidence when facing a conflict whereby she maintained her position or opinion bc it is based on facts and respected other people's different opinion. * She seems a bit â€Å"stubborn† regarding her opinions which are based on facts. * Identified that â€Å"best practice† and policies are the best way to address a problem r make a decision * She respects the hierarchy of the organization and the decision making process should respect that hierarchy. | Desirable CompetencyDecision-Making and problem solving (Desirable)Tendency to make swift decisions and judgm ents even in the absence of all necessary information. 1. Give me an example where you had to make decisions in the absence of your Manager? 2. How did it go? 3. What did you learn? 4. Tell me about a time when you had conflicting priorities and what you did to resolve them. 5. What kind of problems do you handle best? 2| * Uses IT in analysis at her work. * Developed a new system that combines IT and HR that can produce data and statistics relevant for HR and Finance. * Knowledge in ERP systems and KPI development. | Desirable CompetencyData Analysis (Desirable)Tendency to analyze, organize, understand and present data. 1. What kind of IT skills did you acquire? How did you apply this in your work? 2. Tell me about a system you developed that helped organize the data. | 3| * Candidate interested in the job since she feels that it provides growth to her career | General Comments|Interview Evaluation ( group discussion)| * Considerable experienced in all HR functions * Sufficient kno wledge of management of office operations ( skills in IT and time management) * Good record in leadership and supervisory skills * Confident and organized. * Good skills in starting new projects * Has good initiative and self-motivation * May not have sufficient basic financial skills but is knowledgeable in excel sheets | DecisionCandidate is accepted for the position and offer letter to be sent by recruitment office. Signature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ALICO Insurance LLC P. O. Box 2. UAE, Abu Dhabi Phone 00000000 – Fax 11111111 June 27, 2012 Hayyah Al Ali 11603, Abu Dhabi Dear Ms Al Ali, ALICO is pleased to offer you a job as an Office Manager of the First Nations Office located in Abu Dhabi. We trust that your knowledge, skills and experience will be among our most valuable assets. Sh ould you accept this job offer, per company policy you'll be eligible to receive the following beginning on your hire date. Salary: 45,000 AED monthlyBenefits: ALICO provided benefits for employees, including the following: Education assistance Health, dental, life and disability insurance Profit sharing Vacation and personal days To accept or decline this job offer: Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below. Fax all pages of this job offer letter back to us. This offer is valid for one month from the date of send. If we didn’t receive any reply from you within a month this offer will be cancelled. For any clarifications, kindly contact Recruitment Department, Phone 897987789.We hope to welcome you on board personally. Sincerely, Abdulaziz Ali Recruitment Manager, Human Resources Accept Job Offer By signing and dating this letter below, I, Hayyah Al Ali, accept the job offer of Office Manager by ALICO. Signature:_________________________________ Date:_________ ____ Decline Job Offer By signing and dating this letter below, I, Hayyah Al Ali, decline the job offer of Office Manager by ALICO. Signature:_________________________________ Date:_____________ ALICO Insurance LLC P. O. Box 2. UAE, Abu Dhabi Phone 00000000 – Fax 11111111 June 27, 2012Mr. Moamen Azab 11603, Abu Dhabi Dear Ms Mary, We appreciate your interest in ALICO and the position of ‘Office Manager’ for which you applied. Though the selection committee appreciates the time you invested during the panel interview, it has selected another candidate who has experience in human resources-a main requirement for the position. Thank you for interviewing with our team. Everyone enjoyed meeting you and we hope that you consider applying for our open positions for which you qualify in the future Sincerely, Abdulaziz Ali Recruitment Manager, Human Resources

Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques

Tim Burton main style of movie is Gothic. There are many different types of cinematic techniques all used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. In most of his movies he is trying to evoke a gothic feeling. For example he uses sound, lighting, and different types of shots and framing. You can observe some of those techniques in his movies, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Beetle Juice, Edward Scissor Hands and more. Sound is a main cinematic technique that Tim Burton uses. There are two types of sound, dietetic and non- dietetic.Those types of sounds are used in different ways. A dietetic sound is one that could logically be heard by the characters in a film. Non-dietetic is one that cannot be heard by the characters but is designed for audience reaction only. Sound also sets the mood for a scene. For example, in Edward scissor hands, when the woman was showing him around their house for the first time a happy upbeat sound was playing to se t a happy mood. Another example is when the woman went up into Edwards house; dark sad music was playing to match the scary setting.In most films sound will match the setting or mood of the scene. However even though sound s a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting Is a part of the scene. If the setting of the scene is dark and gloomy the lighting will be low key, which is when the scene Is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene Is a bright flower garden, the lighting will mostly be High key, which meaner the scene Is flooded with light creating a bright mood.An example of Tim Burton using these would be In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless It was a part of Wily Wonk. He used low key with everything black and white except Wily Wonk things to evoke the viewer's emotions to feel as though, If you weren't apart of Wily Wonk then you were not bright, colorful, and happy. This same technique Is used In some of his other movies. A shot Is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts.In Tim Burtons movies, you may not notice, but he uses multiple types of shots. A few are, long shot, which Is shot from distance, shows Isolation or vulnerability of the person, and Medium shot, which Is when the camera Is medium distance away from hearted, and It Is usually used to ground the story. An example of long shot Is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot from a long distance, the shot portrayed a sense of vulnerability and loneliness.Also In the movie Beetle Juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, It Is shot at a medium distance, which makes It a medium shot, which grounded the story. So as you can see there are many different types of cinematic techniques used to communicate meaning and evoke different emotional reactions with the viewers. Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other Important cinematic techniques that Tim Burton uses. You can observe more techniques and really notice which ones he uses and understand why In his movies.A couple would be Beetle Juice, Edwards Scissors Hands, Charlie and The Chocolate Factory, and many more. Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques By mapping is a factor in setting the mood of a film, lighting also plays a role. Lighting is a part of which is when the scene is flooded with shadows and darkness to portray suspense or suspicion. If the setting of the scene is a bright flower garden, the lighting will costly be High key, which meaner the scene is flooded with light creating a bright mood.An example of Tim Burton using these would be in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory; when everything and everyone was black and white unless it was a part of things to evoke the viewer's emotions to feel as though, if you weren't apart of Wily Wonk then you were not bright, colorful, and happ y. This same technique is used in some of his other movies. A shot is a single piece of film uninterrupted by cuts. In are, long shot, which is shot from distance, shows isolation or vulnerability of the errors, and Medium shot, which is when the camera is medium distance away from character, and it is usually used to ground the story.An example of long shot is during the movie Beetle Juice; Beetle Juice was sitting on the grave stone alone shot in the movie Beetle Juice, when the family and guests dance around the table singing, it is shot at a medium distance, which makes it a medium shot, which grounded the Sound, lighting, and shot type are only a few; there are many other important really notice which ones he uses and understand why in his movies. A couple would Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding.Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing.Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes.Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Ch arlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong.Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything.There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows h ow big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once.Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles. Tim Burton Cinematic Techniques Robbie Schwartz 3/12/13 English 1H Tim Burton uses many cinematic techniques in his movies such as lighting and camera angles throughout his movies in order to create effects and moods. Cinematic techniques He uses both lighting and camera angles in Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory numerous times. He uses them very effectively to portray different ideas such as showing strengths, weaknesses, or size in a character or setting, or revealing a depressing or cheerful surrounding.Tim Burton is a successful film maker and has inspired many to get into the movie making business due to his cinematic techniques. In many of his films, Tim Burton uses lighting successfully to show happiness or sadness. He is known for having very low key beginning credits. Low key lighting can be used to show a sad, mysterious or scary environment. For example, the beginning credits of the movies Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands are very dark cloudy scenes. They both have a solid black background and obscure objects appearing.Also, Burton used lighting perfectly in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory when the lucky children who obtain the golden tickets enter the huge room where the chocolate was made. It is a bright and colorful room filled with tasty goods. High key lighting is used to create a happy, exciting, or fun atmosphere. The lighting on the kids faces as they walk in the factory was very high key because they were bright and full of joy. Burton also uses a high key effect on the town in Edward Scissorhands; it is filled with brightly painted houses with beautifully cut bushes.Also the clothes that people wear in Edward Scissorhands are very brightly colored because people would wear a single colored outfit of much color. As a result, lighting is used effectively throughout his movies to show different effects. Camera angles were very important in the films Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the movie, Ch arlie and the Chocolate Factory the scene of Willy Wonka walking in the jungle is a great example of camera angles. As the big bug zeroes in on Wonka, a low angle camera is used to show the bug is big and strong.Then, it cut to Wonka with a high angle shot showing he is helpless and small. After Wonka successfully kills the bug, it gives him a low angle shot showing he is the victor and that he is more powerful. In Edward Scissorhands, low angle shots are used many times while Edward is cutting things. For example, while Edward is constructing his first ice sculpture in Kims lawn the camera is low angle and makes him look very powerful while he sculpts the big angel. It makes him seem as if he is on top of the world and can do anything.There are also low angle shots while he cuts all of the housewives hair. There is a very effective long shot in the beginning of the movie while Peg strolls into Edwards house, when she finally gets into Edwards room there is a long shot which shows h ow big the house actually is by making Peg look very short due to the height of the ceiling. As a result, Tim Burton uses low angle, high angle, and long shots to represent strength, weakness, and to show a large scene and many things occurring at once.Tim Burton is a very skilled film maker who uses many cinematic techniques to make his movies enjoyable to watch. He efficiently uses lighting and camera angles in two of his major pieces, Edward Scissorhands and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He uses these two techniques very well and a handful of others that make his movies very well known and watched by many people. In conclusion, Tim Burton is able to use cinematic techniques an important part of his movies by using lighting and camera angles.

HR Case Study of Yamaha Motors

Change, in any organization is routed through it’s Human Resource Department. Thereare always disgruntled employees who complain that change has adversely affected them. There are employees who believe in status Quo and believe that if a system is working,there is no point in changing it. Escorts going out and Yamaha coming in was a change that influenced each other andevery employee working on all levels. Strangely though, the resistance to this majorchange and to all subsequent decisions taken to enforce the change was minimized,. Itonly depicts the success of the H. R. epartment in educating all employees. Change wasviewed as mandatory rather than optional. Employees were made to believe that theirfuture bread and butter depended upon the success of this change. Almost everyemployee understood the need for this broad change. There were some voices ofdiscontent regarding small details which had to be worked out. The H. R. department’srole in handling the entire proces s of change is summarized below : 1. Agreement with the Union : Escorts left behind a strong labour union which wasknown to use aggressive tactics to get it’s demand met.Yamaha suspended the oldagreement with the union and entered into a new one after taking over. Theagreement covered various aspects like pay packages, increments, working hours,leaves schedule etc. Yamaha also offered V. R. S. ( Voluntary retirement schemes)to those who did not wanted to continue with the organization. However, theattraction rate of labour and managers was very low. What Yamaha ensuredthrough was there are no dissatisfied employees in the organization.Yamaha knewthat workers will be facing a cultural change soon and only wanted thoseemployees who were ready and willing to accept change in it’s true spirit. 2. Training of employees in Japan : Not every employee looks upon training inJapan as an opportunity or value addition. Certain employees are reluctant toleave their families back in India for a period of 6 months. People used to thesocial and cultural environment of India find it difficult to adjust to a foreigncountry. The challenge for the H. R. Department was to motivate such employees.These employees were assured that their families will be taken care of. While trainees will receive salary for their work in Japan, their families will be a paid afixed amount periodically by the company during the [period of training. Securewit the knowledge that their families are taken care of, employees were motivatedto undergo training in Japan. 3. Networking with dealers : Yamaha is currently in process of networking all it’sdealer all over India. Dealers are seen as valuable channel partners and not meresupply chain members.The purpose of this online network queries on a perpetual basis. Dealers are encouraged to report all complaints, suggestions, ideas throughthis network. The network will also be used for online order processing. Prof . Nomita Kapoor Page 14 How Organizations Handle Change – Yamaha Motors India 4. Routing bills through Tedfel : Dealers were not happy with Yamaha routing it’sbills through Tedfel. Earlier, dealers were not asked to pay until the motor cycleswere actually sold. Now Tedfel only offered a 15 days credit period to the dealers.Presently, may dealers have already approached Yamaha and have asked to revertback to the old system. At the time of our research, the dialogue between thedealers and the company was still on. Yamaha still believes in the companyvalidity of hiring an outside agency for bill payments and wants to bring aroundthe dealers to its way of thinking. Yamaha has also followed the policy that Indian managers are best equipped to handleIndian work force. The Japanese presence in the H. R. department is bare minimum. Language barrier is a significant constraint in this regard.So, while the company boastsof presence of Japanese professionals in production, quality assurance and financed epartment, the H. R. department is still completely handled by their Indian counterparts. Reference: http://www. scribd. com/doc/2165100/Yamaha HONDA His employees soon came to understand that poor performance would not be tolerated. People recognized his total determination to succeed and to establish an engineering business. Honda was a true leader with vision and passion. He was sufficiently aware of his own managerial shortcomings. The employees called Honda ‘Mr.Thunder’ for his bursts of anger in answer to their mistakes. His employees loved him but they were afraid of his anger. Honda was not a perfect man. He admitted his mistakes: ‘When I look back at my work I understand I have made mistakes – many blunders, serious omissions. However, I am proud of my achievements. Although I made one mistake after the other, these mistakes and failures did not happen in connection with one and the same thing. ’ (Peters & Waterman 1982) As a transformationa l leader Honda tended to see the big picture, but not the details.Motivation is one of the major concepts of the human resource management. The research of motivation and its necessity for organization is closely connected with the Behavioral Management that arouse at the end of the Scientific Management era. Human resource management views an employee not as a machine but as a personality with its own goals and aspirations. The objective of managers is to build relationships in which workers would see themselves working with the manager, rather than working for a manager. Motivation can be defined as the process of arousing, directing, and maintaining behavior toward a goal.He points out that people are motivated to fulfill their needs. Companies view workers as being interdependent, meaning, managers cannot do their job without workers, and workers depend on their managers. Consequently, instead of management treating employees like machines, organizations should take a genuine in terest in the employee and help them reach their goals. Human resource management supposes that if employees are happier at work the production would increase. Soichiro Honda placed human initiative and attention to all workers on the first place.He tried to create a better environment for his employees, attract specialists and motivate them to do their work in the best possible way. Honda paid much attention to experimental work and did not accept attempts to control him or his corporation via the traditional caste system. He was the innovator and was against the hierarchy management structure: ‘On the whole, people work better if they are not forced and controlled. ’ (Peters & Waterman 1982) This thought is proven by psychologists and new styles of management are very effective and should be used by others.Honda understood that encouraging his worker’s personal development, their wish for self-actualization will bring him success in business. He was a passionat e person. Honda did not admit defeat and could risk everything he had achieved for the sake of his beliefs and ideas. He is the embodiment of persistence. Soichiro Honda was a man with modern mentality and readiness to risk in order to invent something new. He is the example of persistence, modesty, and the ability to see his own mistakes as the most valuable achievements.

DISCUSSION BOARD PART 7-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISCUSSION BOARD PART 7-1 - Essay Example Vanasco, R. R. (1998). Fraud auditing.  Managerial Auditing Journal,  13(1), 4-71. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/274706011?accountid=45049 Vanasco looks deeper into the role played by various institutions and professional associations such as government agencies and auditing bodies in setting up standards which are used to detect fraud in various capacities such Medicare, insurance, and banking industry. The main motive of this survey is to show the mixed method research survey of the level of Medicare in the US. Vanasco notes that Medicare fraud involves theft such as taking money, assets, or information, concealing the information, money, or assets obtained in order to hide the fraud from other concerned parties, and converting the stolen assets into cash. Moreover, he notes that GAO has estimated the total loss per year to Medicare fraud and abuse to amount to US$47 billion, which is 10 percent of overall Medicare expenditure in the US. Stanton, T. H. (2001 ). Fraud-and-abuse enforcement in Medicare: Finding middle ground.  Health Affairs,  20(4), 28-42. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/204639339?accountid=45049 According to Santon, Medicare fraud and abuse draws many resources from the Medicare scheme at a time when there are limited resources. He aims at finding a middle ground since there is a budding for savings because of rigorous exertions to bring to a halt  fraud  and abuse in  Medicare. The question derived from his research is â€Å"Can there be a middle ground in Medicare and fraud laws?† However, he notes that care must be taken in order to report the authentic concerns of suppliers caught in an antagonistic antifraud net. In addition, he notes that a good time must be provided in order to contemplate the intrinsic worth of finding a middle ground. His mixed method research notes that fraud  and abuse are grave problems that gutter resources from  Medicare  at a time when means are sc arce. This kind of provider backlash results from lack of consensus from the congress and therefore the congress should provide limits to the kind of excesses that provoke the entire Medicare project into anger. He further recommends steps to be taken to prevent fraudulent activities and provide legitimate providers to conduct their services. His qualitative research recommends the creation of a law that will address these kinds of concerns. An example of such a law is the False Claims Act and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. This act permits private citizens to take legal action on behalf of the government and to get a certain fraction of any recovered funds. This act applied to  Medicare  and  Medicaid. Hollis, M. (2005). Experts fear more fraud if Florida’s Medicaid system is privatized.  Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/460380850?accountid=45049 Hollis notes that several legislations have been put in place in Florida to allow laws to guard the healthcare subscribers. He further notes that without a proper safeguard into the Medicare program, the risk of Medicare frauds would even increase. This led him to conduct a mixed method research in Florida’s Medicare program. In his research, he notes that Florida loses $1 in every $10 invested. This is a large sum considering that it reflects 10% of the sum invested. According to the statistics

( early 1800's )How did Latin American labor systems change after its Essay - 1

( early 1800's )How did Latin American labor systems change after its transition from colony to nation and in the century that followed What were the historical forces that led to these changes - Essay Example The Indians and mestizos also were converted into religious, political and economic life of the Spanish and their freedom was limited. Latin America was made up of population of three castes. A group of whites had the power and owned property, another caste of whites controlled political offices and worked as small entrepreneurs while the third caste comprised of free persons of color who were African slaves and European planters (Meade, 63). Forced and migrant labor was evident. Labor in Latin America during colonization was in form of slavery or forced labor. The slaves were used in cultivating the vast sugar and cotton plantations owned by the Europeans and mining. According to Meade (62), the crown who ruled the colony prevented the merchants’ access to political office. Taxes and fines were also imposed on them as well as petty restrictions thereby limiting the markets for their produce. This forced them to work in European farms so as to earn a means of living. The colonial agents who were placed over them were corrupt and inefficient. The slaves were acquired from Africa and traded to work in European colonies which comprised of Latin America. The slaves worked under inhumane conditions which were life threatening and were not paid any wages. Indians provided labor in haciendas. After the slave revolt in San-Domingue, other states joined in revolts to demand independence. Peasants demanded rights to land and abolition of taxes. Haiti received independence in 1803, Peru and Mexico in 1821 and Brazil in 1822. After independence, slavery was abolished in Latin America except Brazil which relied heavily on slavery. During struggle for independence and World War 1, men left their homes to participate in the battle hence women resumed men duties. Women also performed some chores like sewing, nursing, soldiers and some became spies and managers of household farms (Meade, 74). They were thus absorbed in labor systems as opposed

Should All Drugs Be Legalized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should All Drugs Be Legalized - Essay Example On the other hand, those who violently oppose the legalization of all drugs contend that legalization would actually make â€Å"harmful, psychoactive, and addictive substances affordable, available, convenient, and marketable. It would expand the use of drugs. It would remove the social stigma attached to illicit drug use, and would send a message of tolerance for drug use, especially to youth† (Drug Watch International, 2001, par. 1). The current discourse hereby asserts that all drugs should be legalized to eradicate the costs of prohibition, to lower its prices, and to minimize repercussive violence that results from illegal trade and criminal activities that ensue from the sale and use. At the current status of governmental policies and regulations of restricting the sale and use of drugs, statistics have consistently revealed that ther are more incidences of addiction and costs to society All Drugs Must be Legalized The legalization of drugs would eradicate the costs of p rohibition. As asserted by a Harvard University professor, Jeffrey Miron, the costs of prohibiting drugs are enormous. In the United States, for instance, it was revealed that â€Å"If it legalized drugs, the United States could save $85 billion to $90 billion per year. Roughly half that is spent on the current drugs policy and half that is lost in taxes that the state could have levied on legal drugs† (Miron, 2013, par. 4). ... eral deficits by eliminating expenditure on prohibition enforcement -- arrests, prosecutions, and incarceration -- and by allowing governments to collect tax revenue on legalized sales† (Ghosh, 2010, par. 8). As disclosed, the savings that would be generated from legalization would definitely outweigh the costs of prohibition. Likewise, by legalizing drugs, the black markets would be eliminated and therefore, the prices of drugs would significantly decrease (Drug Watch International, 2001). Birrell averred that â€Å"legalisation would replace the freest of markets that currently exists to the benefit of the world's most vicious crooks with a system in which supply is controlled, products regulated and profits taxed† (Birrell, 2013, par. 8). Thus, the elimination of the black markets would likewise eliminate absence of accountability and make the sale of drugs safer and more secure. Finally, if the prohibition or restriction of the sale and use of drugs are lifted, viole nce and drug-related criminal activities would be reduced, minimized or out rightly prevented. According to Vibes (2013), â€Å"the steady increase in violent crime over the past few decades is directly correlated with the escalation of the drug war† (par. 4). This was supported by Miron (2013) who emphasized that â€Å"prohibition leads to violence. By making a black market inevitable, you generate violence because the conflicts between the parties involved in the drug trade can't be solved by legal means within the judicial system† (par. 20). In fact, from the statistics disclosed by the U.S. Department of Justice, it was noted that â€Å"state and local law enforcement agencies made an estimated 1,336,500 arrests for drug possession or use in 2010† (Snyder, 2010, p. 11). In the UK, it was disclosed

Human Resource Training Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resource Training - Research Proposal Example According to Jackson, Schuler & Sparrow (1994), the continued need for individual and organizational development can be traced to numerous demands. These demands are not limited to maintaining superiority in the marketplace, enhancing employee skills and knowledge, and increasing productivity. In the present phase of events, training is one of the most pervasive methods for enhancing the productivity of individuals and communicating organizational goals to new personnel (Grehart & Becker 1996). Today, project management within the context of effective training has increasingly become part of effective human resource management strategies. No wonder, Bell et al. (2003) postulate that, given the importance and potential impact of training on organisations, the costs associated with administration of training it is important that effectiveness of training programs be incorporated within the context of project management. Bell et al (2003) working on a similar research area argued that, over the past 30 years, there have been six cumulative reviews of the training and development literature (Campbell, 1971; Gold- stein, 1980; Latham, 1988; Salas & Cannon-Bowers, 2001; Tan- nenbaum & Yukl, 1992; Wexley, 1984). On the basis of previous work listed within this dimension and other pertinent literature, I have been able to identify several design and evaluation features that are related to the effectiveness of training and development programs. However, the scope of the present article is limited to those features over which trainers and researchers have a reasonable degree of control (Bell et al. (2003). Here, I have recognised the lack of research on "project management on effectiveness of training". Thus, a shift of focus is made from the usual meta-analysis of training to project management on the effectiveness on training. In this direction, this research by breaching this knowledge gap, the paper seeks to investigate and provide answers to three research questions. How features and instructional attributes of a training method affect the effectiveness of training' How Project Management within the context of effectiveness of training be used to improve on training effectiveness in organisation Finally, to compare and evaluate project management on the effectiveness of training with other meta-analysis training methods. 1.1.2 Objectives and Purpose of Study Today, with the increasing researchers desire to demonstrate the importance of an effective human resource policy on organisation performance

Google in China Analysis 2 Pham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Google in China Analysis 2 Pham - Essay Example filtering laws and processes of the Chinese government that is not aligned with the firm’s motto, â€Å"Don’t be evil.† It also experiences challenges in brand positioning in China. Baidu is the most popular search engine in China because it is perceived as a â€Å"Chinese brand with good technology† (Lawrence, 2009, p.266). Baidu also provides added services that Google does not offer, such as messaging, entertainment, news, and email. If Google can change brand associations that will make it more competitive, it can oust Baidu from its market leadership. Google can also have an opportunity to test and boost its expertise in global technology by serving the Chinese market inside China, thereby expanding its technology’s economies of scope and scale. Google can leverage its superior global technology that is built on its efficient search engine, and change its brand personality, so that it can be more Chinese. Right now, Google uses umbrella brands for its brand name Google, but it should consider a House-of-Brands approach. For its Chinese brand, it should expand its Internet services, by offering services such as: online chatting; downloading music, TV shows, and movies; and playing online games, since these are the most popular Internet activities for Chinese users, according to latest surveys. About 46 million users in China are connected to the Web, and a rapidly growing population has DSL/cable access (Lawrence, 2009, p.266). In 2005, as seen in Exhibit B, more than 50% of all Web users had a high-speed Internet connection. Usage rates also indicated that sixty-nine per cent of users use Internet at home, while 38% use the Internet at work (Lawrence, 2009, p.266). Exhibit B also provides evidence that from 2002 to 2005, users with broadband access grew from less than 10 million to 50 million, or around 80% growth in five years. Other estimates showed that there were 134 million Internet users in China in 2005 (Lawrence, 2009, p.257). This means that the

What was the role of the media in the 2012 presidential elections Essay

What was the role of the media in the 2012 presidential elections - Essay Example The BBC monitoring group of the presidential election in Russia outlined the profiles of successful presidential candidates in the 2012 election. This move was meant to inform the public about the persons they were likely to elect into office. Key details presented were the lives, previous services, and eligibility factors for the five successful presidential candidates. In so doing, an assessment or evaluation concept emerges, where the candidates’ merit to the public can be prepared. This press document denotes one of the primary functions of the media towards the society. The ultimate objective is to have the media evaluate the relative political welfare in Russia. Trends in global politics have become deeply rooted in democracy. This democracy has subsequently resulted in the proliferation of diplomacy among world states. For the Discovery World, diplomacy is a diverse and dynamic concept. What this means is that approaches to diplomacy differ from one country to another. What constitutes effective and efficient diplomacy in Russia does not necessary do in the United Kingdom. This document, therefore, highlights interstate diplomacy, politics, and media engagement differentials. The idea is to mobilize the public to be more vigilant as they undertake their constitutional right of participating in presidential elections. Political outcomes are often uncertain and subject to criticism from different players in the public domain. This press file highlights arguments for and against the outcome of the Russian election of the year 2012. For the media, the primary focus is directed towards what observers said. However, the situation is different to the voters. Voters had five candidates to choose their president from. Whether or not the observers’ remarks were true, the voters reserved the secretion to elect the preferred president. Over and above the mere reporting of what

Snake Venom Protein Paralyzes Cancer Cells Research Paper

Snake Venom Protein Paralyzes Cancer Cells - Research Paper Example Present ways of treatment are awfully expensive and have a lot of side effects to patients; mentally, economically as well as physically (Finn, 2001). A number of the elements of snake venom lead to cancerous cell growth retardation. Snake venom, on the other hand, might be a fundamental nominee for the cure in the future for a lot of diseases and body disorders because of its remedial potency and activity together with its availability. Observing and studying with the revolutionary prospectus in pharmaceutical perspectives, snake venom could pay the way for the fresh age of medicines, as well as the research for treatment of cancer among other illnesses (Alama et al., 2011). Snake venoms are often studied by scientists and researchers for its therapeutically/remedial application (Finn, 2001). Numerous outstanding publications distinguished the use of venoms for the healing of a range of therapeutic conditions as inflammation and cancer (Finn, 2001). This article will review recent l iterature regarding a therapeutic potential of snake venom in an endeavor to develop a scientific basis for use of snake venom for treatment of cancer. Venoms of snakes are multifaceted mixtures; largely it has proteins that have enzymatic actions. Peptides and proteins formulate 90 to 95% of the dry weight of venom. Besides that, venoms have inorganic cations such as calcium, sodium, magnesium, potassium as well as small amounts of nickel, zinc, cobalt, iron and manganese (Alama et al., 2011). Zinc is vital for anticholinesterase action; calcium is needed for activation of enzymes such as phospholipase.

Primary recovery goal and steps for reaching the goal Assignment

Primary recovery goal and steps for reaching the goal - Assignment Example He would then subject non-critical patients, in hospital, to neurological test, and then conduct the test on patients who were not taken to the hospital. This would identify all victims by their needs and help in the recovery of all of them. Victims who are more likely to need crisis intervention. People whose positions or actions put in danger or whose actions endanger others are the ones likely to require crisis intervention (Government of Victoria, 2010, p. 42, 43). This is because recovery initiatives aim at managing current conditions of patients and preventing further harm. The category of patient is, however, likely to cause harm, and therefore delay recovery objective, and this establishes the significance of focusing on their stability. Some major health concerns after a disaster that may affect the community and possible actions for improving the health concerns The disaster has many health concerns that the community may face. Wildfire increases the risk of â€Å"asthma, emphysema, and cardiovascular diseases† among members of the society. The disaster is also likely to worsen conditions of a member of the community who already suffer from heart complications. High incidence of cancer, due to a carcinogen in smoke, stress, and mental complications are also likely. Wayne can organize for counseling sessions on stress management and ways of reducing further exposure to toxins from the wildfires. This will help in elevating depression and mental illnesses and in reducing the risk of the terminal diseases.

Treaty of Versailles essay Essay Example for Free

Treaty of Versailles essay Essay In this essay I will be analysing and concluding whether I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was the main cause of the political and economic instability in Germany between 1919 and 1923. Also I will be looking at other factors that may have caused the political and economic instability. The Treaty of Versailles (signed 28th June 1919) had huge impact on the political instability within Germany between 1919 and 1923. It consisted of 440 Articles setting out the terms for Germany to abide by. The treaty angered the German people as they felt stabbed in the back believing it to be unfair and shameful. The terms involved Germany taking the blame for the First World War and the reduction of their army which both had a political affect within the country. It humiliated the German people as they felt no blame for the war and they were very proud of their army. The anger the people felt left an opening for extremist left wing and right wing parties to gain popularity. The treaty caused a large amount of economic problems in Germany due to the harsh reparations term of  £6.6 billion which they had to repay for damages caused by the war. The German marks value was decreasing due to Germany reprinting money to keep up with payments which eventually caused hyperinflation. As the rate of money was decreasing the price for goods went up. Wages also went up but not enough to buy food, clothes etc. People with savings were hugely affected as those two became worthless. The population was starving and had to queue for food. Those who made enough to buy food could only afford no more than a loaf or two of bread. People even burnt their money just to keep warm. In 1223 the French Prime Minister decided to take action as Germany had defaulted on repayments. As the Germany army was limited there was nothing they could do, therefore The French occupied the Ruhr, one of Germany’s biggest industrial areas. The French believed the workers would carry on in order for them to gain their money. However the workers went on strike, meaning no money was being produced from what was being made at the Ruhr and even more unemployed in Germany. Other factors can be blamed for the political instability German faced between these years. The abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm was a  huge political change in Germany. Leaving Germany without its figure head meant a new government needed to be formed. The Weimar Republic was the new democratic government which signed the Weimar Constitution on the 11th of August 1919 in Weimar as Berlin was too dangerous due to revolutions. Friedrich Ebert was elected president on this date. Without the Kaiser the German people believed they were left without a strong leader. Although many welcomed the change to democracy, others believed that a military leadership was the only way to rebuild Germany after the war. Some even wanted communism, where everyone is equal with the control of a strong state. This created chaos and confusion among the whole German population. The country was not use to having a say in how the government is run and decisions that were being made which would be strange. The Weimar constitution itself caused some political problems between 1919 and 1923. The first huge problem with the constitution was Proportional representation. This meant that when Germans voted for a political party each party was then allocated seats in the Reichstag reflecting the number of people who had voted for it. It sounds fair but in fact it resulted in dozens of small parties, with no party strong enough to get a majority vote. Consequently there was no government to pass laws in the Reichstag. Weimar also caused revolutions within Germany, for example the Kapp Putsch in March of 1920. This right wing nationalist group, led by Wolfgang Kapp aimed to overthrow the government. The group consisted of members of the paramilitary Freikorps and had the support of many army officers. President Ebert wanted to disband the Freikorps, due to this the Freikorps joined forces with Wolfgang Kapp as they both wanted the same thing. Ebert was forced to leave Berlin which undermined his status and showed the Government to be weak. The only comeback Ebert had was to turn to the people and called for a General Strike. This was successful in making the Kapp putsch unsuccessful. However, despite the short period of time that Kapp had control of Berlin, the uprising made it clear that there was not universal support for the Weimar Government. Other factors can be used to explain the economical instabilities which Germany faced. For example, war costs had a large impact on the German economy. Money had to be spent on making weapons, supplying the army with what they needed, rations etc. This caused life in Germany to be very hard for civilians, food and other essentials were  limited. To conclude I believe that the Treaty of Versailles was only to blame for the economic instabilities Germany faced between the years 1919 to 1923. This is because the large reparations term of treaty which Germany had to pay. Reparations ruined the German economy and having 92 years with  £59million to pay back it shows how low their economy must have been. However the political instabilities between 1919 and 1923 that were caused I blame on the Weimar Constitution. This is due to the revolutions, extreme party votes that were gained due to unhappy people and chaos that were caused by the new government.

The Seven Unique Features Of E-Commerce Essay

The Seven Unique Features Of E-Commerce Essay Assume that, you had bought two products through online. Explain why you choose to buy that product through online, pros and cons of online purchase. Introduction What is E-commerce? E-commerce is a business model or a larger business model that allows companies or individuals through the electronic network and is usually the type of business segments in the internet. E-commerce is also can do business it can provide a new way to companies of all sizes to create new relationships and extended relational operations on the basis of the now, website and network activity. E-commerce levels the playing field for any organization that chooses to participate, small or large. In addition, also can buy or sell goods and products on the internet. Can any trades through electronic measures can be the electronic commerce, and without using any paper documents, electronic commerce is subdivided into three categories: business to business in B2B, business to consumer or B2C and consumer to consumer or C2C. E-commerce includes a full variety of pre-sale and customer service activities. What is B2B (Business To Business)? B2B is a type of between manufacturers and wholesalers or wholesalers and retailers. Business to business refers to the business between the company rather than the company and personal consumption. What is B2C (Business to Customer)? B2C is also the trading between consumers. For example, to promote their products or services to the users directly between business and transaction. What is C2C (Customer to Customer)? C2C is the promotion and interaction between benefit and customer. Customer to customer is to provide location and talk to people, exchange and trading with other people. Answer of Question 1 Every one of e-commerce has become a household name. There are known to have different calculations or e-commerce tools, we should learn our computers, using mobile Internet terms, and it is readily waiting for your attention. A main feature of e-commerce through commercial transactions is making money on the Internet. Today, you do not need to travel to meet people in the e-commerce retailers, manufacturers and consumers a whole new world. People have come to realize, the need for it, and start to enjoy it. I chose www.ridefourever.com website. In E-e-commerce e-commerce site types are 7 unique features, such as the Ubiquity, Global Reach, Universal Standards, Richness, Interactivity, Information Density, and Personalization. Seven Unique features of E-commerce Ubiquity- The traditional business market is a physical place, access to treatment by means of document circulation. For example, clothes and shoes are usually directed to encourage customers to go somewhere to buy. E-commerce is ubiquitous meaning that it can be everywhere. E-commerce is the worlds reduce cognitive energy required to complete the task. Global Reach- E-commerce allows business transactions on the cross country bound can be more convenient and more effective as compared with the traditional commerce. On the e-commerce businesses potential market scale is roughly equivalent to the network the size of the worlds population. Universal Standards- E-commerce technologies is an unusual feature, is the technical standard of the Internet, so to carry out the technical standard of e-commerce is shared by all countries around the world standard. Standard can greatly affect the market entry cost and considering the cost of the goods on the market. The standard can make technology business existing become more easily, which can reduce the cost, technique of indirect costs in addition can set the electronic commerce website 10$ / month. Richness- Advertising and branding are an important part of commerce. E-commerce can deliver video, audio, animation, billboards, signs and etc. However, its about as rich as television technology. Interactivity- Twentieth Century electronic commerce business technology is called interactive, so they allow for two-way communication between businesses and consumers. Information Density- The density of information the Internet has greatly improved, as long as the total amount and all markets, consumers and businesses quality information. The electronic commerce technology, reduce the information collection, storage, communication and processing cost. At the same time, accuracy and timeliness of the information technology increases greatly, information is more useful, more important than ever. Personalization- E-commerce technology allows for personalization. Business can be adjusted for a name, a persons interests and past purchase message objects and marketing message to a specific individual. The technology also allows for custom. Merchants can change the product or service based on user preferences, or previous behavior. The seven unique features have its own function but also have disadvantages in this website. The seven unique features most in this website is no problem, but the information density has some disadvantages and its one of the seven unique features. Information density is the function of information to the Internet and the web site can be the total amount and all markets, consumers and enterprise quality information. At the same time, accuracy and timeliness of the consumers can know this website information. But the website in this regard is poor because of its language in this website is insufficient and even only a language so easily lead to consumers in the shopping website will be very troublesome, even if consumers do not understand the language may be to give up on this website shopping and even lead to this site is less and less people browse or buy. For example in this web site to buy clothes but the browsing process found that consumers choose clothes are not enough data to t he customer cannot be assured to buy, so in this aspect of the problem should be properly modified and solve this problem. For example, should first website have a variety of linguistic choices can make different national consumers easily understand this website information easy to buy the goods. Then on the items, such as this site is selling the clothes should be more detailed write the item price, style, color and size, so that the customer more easy to buy. In addition, whenever new styles of clothing in the website promotion to the customer know. Conclusion In e-commerce we can see that these seven kinds of unique features in the function of the website. The seven unique features function is very important if no one function will make your site there are loopholes in the website, so an indispensable. The seven unique features were Ubiquity: available everywhere and all the time; Global Reach: users or customers can obtain total enterprise electronic commerce; Universal Standards: is shared by all countries around the world standard; Richness: complexity and message content; Interactivity: which allows for two-way communication between businesses and consumers, provide the quantity and quality of information in general; Information Density: to all market participants; Personalization: for marketing message to a specific person, by adjusting the news of interest, the name of a person and past purchases. E-commerce technology, allows customers to learn more and more consumers, more efficient use of the information. Online businesses can us e this information to develop new information asymmetry, enhance their brand products, to charge higher prices, quality service and market segmentation of many groups, each of the different prices.

The Historical Marginalization Of Underprivileged Students

The Historical Marginalization Of Underprivileged Students Despite the Brown v. Board of Education decision of the Supreme Court in 1954, a landmark case that entitled all children to equal educational opportunities in the United States, regardless of race, economic background, religion, and a host of other factors, many students continue to be marginalized both in and outside of school. Students of color, students with disabilities, students learning English, students from low income families, and other marginalized student groups continue to face inequitable opportunities in schools and the resulting disparate achievement (Frattura Capper, 2007). Addressing this continued marginalization and inequitable schooling is a key principle of the growing call for leadership for social justice (Grogan, 2002; Theoharis, 2007), where the principal serves as the moderator of the equitable interests of all within a school context (Hodgkinson, 1999). Knowing that school leadership is key to reforming schools (Fullan, 1993; Grogan 2002), scholars focused on better understanding social justice leadership have identified exemplar cases where school leaders committed to equity have taken action to create more just learning environments for marginalized students (Reister, Pursch Skrla, 2002; Scheurich, 1998; Theoharis, 2007). Although studies have examined schools that make a difference in the lives of marginalized children (Oakes, Quartz, Ryan Lipton, 2000; Reister, Pursch Skrla, 2002), there is an absence of literature regarding principals as the unit of analysis and the process of principals serving as leaders for social justice. Related to this is an absence of documented strategies that principals who are leading for equity and excellence use. The purpose of this study is to build upon the growing body of scholarship by the exploration of the relationship between K-5 elementary principal leadership behaviors and student achievement for marginalized students (subgroup populations). This study will also define systems and structures within organizations that promote school-wide instruction leading to achievement of students historically marginalized. Finally, the study will identify the role professional development of school leaders plays in creating more socially just and excellent school. Significance of the study The historical marginalization of underprivileged students often results in a school culture that perpetuates the norm and ignores the social injustices that pervade our schools. The resulting and inevitable destiny for many of these students is continued school failure and social inequality. A school culture that does not accept the responsibility of answering to the needs of these students and their families simply propagates hegemony and leaves these students behind-without hope, without vision, and without equal access to the quality of education to which all children are entitled (Kose, 2005; Urban, 2009). Many years of stereotyped beliefs about the potential of marginalized populations of students has led to a deep-seated disparity between the majority and minority populations. Such differences allow the achievement gap to remain intact. These differences also result in a disproportionate number of students of color placed erroneously in special educational where resources are also inadequate to meet their needs. Despite reform efforts and increased awareness based on research the disparity between students continues to exist. Current research shows effective school leadership can influence overall student achievement in our schools (Leithwood et al., 2006; Marzano et al., 2005; Portin et al., 2003; Waters Cameron, 2006; Waters Grubb, 2004). In defining what leadership skills lead to effective school leadership, Marzano, Waters and McNulty (2005) and Waters and Cameron (2006) created 21 principal leadership responsibilities. The 21 leadership responsibilities developed from past educational research may be very similar to the leadership standards created by the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (The Council of Chief State School Officers, 2008). In order to define what are considered effective principal leadership skills, the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium created six principal leadership standards based also on past educational research (The Council of Chief St ate School Officers, 2008). These leadership standards have been adopted by many state educational departments and in Maryland are incorporated in Marylands Leadership Framework (Maryland State Department of Education, 2005). While some schools have been recognized as being equitable and excellent, what remains unknown are the specific relationship between K-5 elementary principal leadership behaviors and student achievement for marginalized students (subgroup populations). In other words, academics and school leaders are interested in knowing what does leadership that transforms school into more equitable and just places, with an attention to achievement for all, accomplish? How do these leaders do that? What knowledge, skills and dispositions are required of this? Professional development and preparation of schools leaders requires exemplars of equity and social justice behaviors which will be presented in this study. Purpose of the study This study advances conversation about what exemplary leadership of schools for social justice and academic achievement for all students means. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship of K-5 elementary principals leadership behaviors to student achievement for marginalized students. Why do some Maryland elementary schools serving low-income or minority students score higher on the states assessments than other schools with very similar students? This study seeks answers to that question by surveying principals and teachers in Maryland elementary schools serving similar student populations and analyzing the results to determine which current K-5 leadership practices and policies are most strongly associated with higher levels of student achievement for Maryland State assessment sub-group populations. It also seeks to identify the systems and structures within organizations that promote school-wide instruction leading to achievement of students historically marginalize d. Finally, the study will identify the role professional development plays in creating more socially just, successful school leaders. Failure to educate students has a three-tiered impact: (1) Global impact and effects on the American economy, (2) national implications of a perpetuation inequity among peoples of color or poverty and (3) personal implications reflected in a historically marginalized students quality of life and ability to contribute to society (Urban, ). Results from this study may lead to better leadership preparation for principals, as well as professional development for leaders based on leadership behaviors that ensure all students succeed. It will also provide research based strategies for organizing and structuring schools to better meet the needs of all learners. Research Questions The following research questions will be examined in this study: What is the relationship between K-5 elementary principals specific leadership behaviors to student achievement for historically marginalized students? What are the organizational structures and systems that are perceived to contribute to high student performance for historically marginalized students? What role does professional development play in creating more socially just, equitable and successful school leaders? Definitions, Limitations, and Delimitations: For the purpose of this study the following terms have been defined: Dependent Variable: Scores on fifth grade Reading Maryland State Assessments. Independent Variables: Students who belong to a subgroup population (%African American, %Hispanic, % of Students with Disabilities, and % of students of Free and Reduced meal status) with those students who are not. Achievement Equity: Having comparably high performance for all groups of learners when academic achievement data are disaggregated and analyzed. Achievement Gap: The achievement gap is a persistent, pervasive and significant disparity in educational achievement and attainment among groups of students as determined by a standardized measure. When analyzed according to race and ethnicity, achievement disparities negatively impact educational outcomes for poor children and children of color on a consistent basis. AYP: Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) growth over three years of all subgroups. Cultural Frame of Reference: Reference that guides peoples behavior from their point of view of the given people (Ogbu, 1995). Culturally Relevant and Responsive Pedagogy: Instruction that takes into account and applies curriculum to students cultural, ethnic, language, and socioeconomic background (Banks, Cookson, Gay, Hawley, 2001). Deficit Thinking: Students who fail in school do so because of alleged internal deficiencies (such as cognitive and/or motivational limitations) or shortcomings socially linked to the youngster-such as familial deficits (Valencia, 1997). Educational Leadership Policy Standards: ISLLC 2008 (ISLLC 2008): Standards used to guide principal preparation programs and principal certification organizes the functions that help define strong school leadership under six standards. These standards represent the broad, high-priority themes that education leaders must address in order to promote the success of every student. These six standards call for: 1. Setting a widely shared vision for learning; 2. Developing a school culture and instructional program conducive to student learning and staff professional growth; 3. Ensuring effective management of the organization, operation, and resources for a safe, efficient, and effective learning environment; 4. Collaborating with faculty and community members, responding to diverse community interests and needs, and mobilizing community resources; 5. Acting with integrity, fairness, and in an ethical manner; and 6. Understanding, responding to, and influencing the political, social, legal, and cultural contexts. Hegemony: Racial and cultural domination (Spring, 2005). Leadership for Excellence and Equity: Schools in which all students achieve high levels of academic success, regardless of any students race, ethnicity, culture, neighborhood, income of parents, or home language (Scheurich Skrla, 2003, p.1). Schools in which principals advocate, lead and keep at the center of their practice and vision issues of race, class, gender, disability, sexual orientation, and other historically and currently marginalizing conditions in the United States. (Theoharis, 2004, p.3). Marginalized populations: groups of people in the United States marginalized by the majority culture (Kitzinger, 1996). In this study marginalized populations include children of marginalized communitiesin particular, poor children, and children of all ethnic backgrounds; and those with disabilitiesinvolves negotiating the hardships that are a product of a legacy of discrimination. Once these children enter the classroom they often are faced with a curriculum that can be irrelevant to their realities, ability grouping and a system of tracking that often excludes them from courses needed to pursue higher education (Potts, 2003; Smith, 2000). Maryland School Assessment (MSA): The MSA is a test of reading and math achievement that demonstrates how well students have mastered academic standards specified in the Voluntary State Curriculum. The test was developed to meet the reporting requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act. The test is administered in March to students in grades three through eight, and once in high school. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB): The NCLB Act of 2001 aims at ensuring both academic excellence and equity by providing new opportunities and challenges for states to advance the goal of closing the achievement gap. It relies on high stakes testing to ensure that schools make adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward the goal of 100% proficiency by 2014. Supporters of NCLB claim the legislation encourages accountability in public schools, offers parents greater educational options for their children, and helps close the achievement gap between minority and white students. NCLB aims to show achievement toward these goals through federally mandated standardized testing. NCLB seeks to narrow class and racial gaps in school performance by creating common expectations for all. It requires schools and districts to focus their attention on the academic achievement of traditionally under-served groups of children, such as low-income students, students with disabilities, and students of major racial and ethnic subgroups. Opportunity to Learn equity: Equal access to a rigorous curriculum for all students. Professional Development: The National Staff Development Council defines the term professional development to mean a comprehensive, sustained, and intensive approach to improving teachers and principals effectiveness in raising student achievement School Culture: Something reflected in the environment of the school. It is present in everyone and every environment consciously and unconsciously (Clarke Estes, 2002). School-Wide Instruction: Consistent implementation of instruction throughout the entire school. Social justice: Refers to the concept of a society that gives individuals and groups fair treatment and an equitable share of the benefits of society.   In this context, social justice is based on the concepts of human rights and equity.   Under social justice, all groups and individuals are entitled equally to important rights such as health protection and minimal standards of income.  Dantley and Tillmans (2006) position is that social justice ultimately changes inequities and marginalization. Bogtochs (2002) situates this social justice position within the context of school leadership. Theoharis (2007) definition of leadership for social justice leaders: advocate, lead, and keep at the center of their practice and vision issues of race, class, gender, disability, sexual orientation, and other historically and currently marginalizing conditions in the United States. This definition centers on addressing and eliminating marginalization in schools. In doing so, inclusive school ing practices for students with disabilities, English language learners, and other students traditionally segregated in schools are also necessitated. Special Education: Services and supports designed to minimize the impact of disability and maximize opportunity to grow and learn (Hehir, 2007). Standards-Based Instruction: Use of curriculum and instruction that is aligned with the Standards determined by the school or state. Structure: Institutional mechanisms, policies, and procedures put in place by federal, state or district policy and legislation or widely accepted as the official structure of schools; not subject to change at the local school site (i.e., personnel policies, use of instructional time, program regulations). Student Achievement in Reading: Student achievement in reading will be measured by MSA reading scale scores. The State Board of Education set cut scores for performance standards on MSA testing. Performance standards determine cut scores for students performing at proficient and advanced levels. Students not performing at proficient or advanced levels are considered to be at the basic level. System: Coordinated and coherent use of resources (time, personnel, students, parents, funds, facilities, etc) constructed by the school site to ensure that school visions, missions and goals are met (i.e., professional development, teacher collaboration, use of time). Systemic Equity: The transformed ways in which systems and individuals habitually operate to ensure that every learner-in whatever learning environment that learner is found-has the greatest opportunity to learn enhanced by the resources and supports necessary to achieve competence, excellence, independence responsibility, and self-sufficiency for school and for life (Scott, 2001). Tracking: A way to organize or segregate students based on ability level. Limitations: One of the central limitations of this study is that excellence in selected schools will be defined solely by students attainment of a target score (AYP) on a standardized test. Another limitation will be the focus on a single school district. Delimitations External validity is impacted based on some delimitations. The use of purposeful sampling will be required to select the schools based on a list of criteria which will be identified by the researcher. Selection criteria will limit the ability to generalize since there will be a narrow set of criteria in place for the study. Small sampling and school location may limit the ability to generalize information to other schools and district. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Introduction Moral purpose of the highest order is having a system where all students learn, the gap between high and low performance becomes greatly reduced, and what people learn enables them to be successful citizensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The role strategically placed to best accomplish this is the principalship. Michael Fullan, The Moral Imperative Of School Leadership This chapter focuses on the three concepts at the core of this study: social justice, leadership, and achievement for marginalized populations. Each topic will be examined in terms of its theories and concepts as well as supporting empirical evidence in research. Social justice, as the overarching topic of this research study, is reviewed first. Next, the history of leadership literature, proposed leadership models, and the relationship between leadership and social justice, is presented followed by a review of student achievement for all students, student achievement measures, dimensions and correlations to social justice and leadership. The chapter concludes with theoretically supported rationale for three hypotheses expressing positive relationships between social justice, and leadership behaviors and social justice and student achievement of marginalized students and leadership behaviors and student achievement of marginalized students. While the existing literature points to the deep impact that schools have on student learning what remains unknown is the specific relationship between K-5 elementary principal leadership behaviors and student achievement for marginalized students (subgroup populations). Scholars and practitioners in the field of education are interested in knowing what does leadership that transforms school into more equitable and just places, with an attention to achievement for all students, accomplish? How do these leaders do it? What knowledge, skills and dispositions are required? To address this gap in the literature, this particular study will be conducted to specifically explore the outcomes and dimensions of leadership behaviors and to identify relationships between these behaviors and student achievement for marginalized populations. Professional development and preparation of schools leaders requires exemplars of equity and social justice behaviors which I intend to present in this study.

The Context of Unrelated Incidents :: Unrelated Incidents Tom Leonard Essays

The Context of Unrelated Incidents What is from Unrelated Incidents about? this is thi six a clock news thi man said n thi reason a talk wia BBC accent iz coz yi widny wahnt mi ti talk aboot thi trooth wia voice lik wanna yoo scruff. if a toktaboot thi trooth lik wanna yoo scruff yi widny thingk it wuz troo. jist wanna yoo scruff tokn. thirza right way ti spell ana right way to tok it. this is me tokn yir right way a spellin. this is ma trooth. yooz doant no thi trooth yirsellz cawz yi canny talk right. this is the six a clock nyooz. belt up. * The poem seems to be spoken by a BBC newsreader. * He or she explains why the BBC thinks it is important to read the news in a BBC accent: no one will take the news seriously if it's read with a voice lik / wanna yoo / scruff. It is not that simple, though! * He or she speaks here in the accent of an ordinary speaker/viewer - just the kind of voice which the newsreader is rejecting. * A newsreader would never really reveal his or her prejudices directly to the viewer in this way. So what the newsreader 'says' in this poem perhaps needs to be seen as the unspoken message (or sub-text) of the way the news is presented. Try re-writing the same poem in Standard English. Would it carry the same trooth? Structure and Language Structure The poem is carefully written in a phonetic version of the Glasgow accent. If you pronounce it exactly as it's written, it should sound more or less like a Glaswegian voice. Try to listen to Tom Leonard's own reading of this poem, which is on the BBC TV programme Roots and Water: Poems from Other Cultures and Traditions. Language The poet has played with language in a number of ways, apart from the phonetic spelling: * There is almost no punctuation. * There are lots of slang and colloquial words (scruff, belt up). * The newsreader talks directly to the reader (or viewer). How do these features add to the effectiveness of the poem? For example, there is a mismatch between the conventional image of BBC newsreaders, and what this one is saying - calling the viewers yoo scruff and telling them to belt up. The lines of the poem are very short. What effect does this have (especially when you read it aloud)? Does it make the poem sound serious or amusing? Tone and Ideas How would you read this poem? * Is it an amusing poem? * Is it a serious poem? Perhaps it is both. Is the poet arguing that this is actually the way the media think about us?

Realism and Henry James Essay -- essays research papers fc

Realism, in the broadest of definitions, is the faithful representation of reality or verisimilitude. The realist is considered to be the â€Å"philosophical extrovert† . Within the scope of American literature, ‘realism’ spans the time period from the Civil War to the turn of the century. Some claim that American realism was the product of a country shaken by war combined with technological advances and increased consciousness of nationhood. Realism, according to Weinberg, â€Å"denies the continuum of time as meaningful dimension of experience because time cannot be seen or touched† . In essence, realism was a solution to the problem of the past. It â€Å"made a religion out of newness and contemporaneity† . However, some critics of realism have criticized it as having been â€Å"exposed as an insidious agent of the capitalistic-imperialistic-bourgeois hegemony† . The advent of realism was much appreciated by writers everywhere for it was a response to the changing cultural needs. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain and Henry James are few of the pioneers of American realism. With time, Howells abandoned the idea of the past and worked solely in the representation of American life. Twain, however, was in a limbo between his bonds with the past and a promise to the present. At this time it was James, who reconciled the ties of history and with an intellectual commitment to the present. James wrote The Art of Fiction in 1884 in a critical response to Walter Besant’s lecture on the same topic. James’s basic aim in this critique was to critically analyze Besant’s thoughts on fiction whilst putting forward what he believed the art and form of fiction to be. James contends that fictional writing is the representation of real life. In The Art of Fiction he claims that a novel â€Å"is a proof of life and curiosity† . At another point in this discourse he writes, â€Å"The only reason for the existence of a novel is that it does attempt to represent life† . This is synonymous with the definition of realism that I have stated above which claims that realism in literature is the representation of life. In the essay, James highlights the basis, which he believes, are essential for a piece of fiction to become art. According to him, a piece of fiction should be informative and should not carry with it the load of moral judgments or analysis. The characters and their psychological process should... ...r, Everett. "William Dean Howells' Theory of Critical Realism." ELH 16 (1949): 151-166. †¢ Crowley, John W. "The Portrait of a Lady and The Rise of Silas Lapham: The Company They Kept." (n.d.): 117-134. †¢ Dicovery of a Genius: William Dean Howells and Henry James. Ed. Albert Monrdell. New York: Twayne, 1961. †¢ James, Henry. "The Art of Fiction." Longman's Magazine (1884). †¢ James, Henry. What Maisie Knew. New York, 1909. †¢ Pizer, Donald. "Late Nineteenth-Century American Realism: An Essay in Definition." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 16 (1961): 263-269. †¢ Rouse, H. Blair. "Charles Dickens and Henry James: Two Approaches to the Art of Fiction." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 5 (1950): 151-157. †¢ Salomon, Roger B. "Realism as Disinheritance: Twain, Howells and James." American Quarterly 16 (1964): 531-544. †¢ Weinberg, Bernard. French Realism: The Critical Reaction, 1830-1870. (Oxford, 1937) pp. 122-123.

Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism is a movement of the revival of a classical style of ancient Greece and/ or ancient Rome in decorative arts, literature, architecture, and music. One such movement was dominant in Europe from the mid-18th to the 19th centuries. Neoclassicism focuses on symmetry, primarily with the use of circles and squares. The use of triangular pediments and domed roofs is also prevalent among Neoclassical architecture. These characteristics were affected by the Age of Reason’s ideas that architecture should be logical and balanced instead of over decorative. Neoclassicism was influential in the decorative arts too.Furniture was designed by designers and produced by furniture makers. One famous architect who designed furniture is Robert Adam. In contrast to the cabriole style leg, he used straight legs and he designed his own patterns on the backs of his chair. Robert Adam’s decorative arts can be seen in the interiors, such as in the Etruscan Room (figure 1) at Osterley Park House. Here, Robert Adam uses classical Roman decorative motifs inspired by Herculaneum and Pompeii. Adam also designed flat grotesque panels, which were inspired from Roman mural painting. figure 1Although neoclassical architecture was primarily influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, it become a movement of its own, with its own standards and leading figures. The Rotunda (figure 2) by Andrea Palladio was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome. It in turn, was inspired by Brunelleschi’s double walled pointed arch dome. The large windows used became know as Palladian windows, which is a prominent feature in neoclassical architecture. The Rotunda then influenced the Chiswick House (figure 3) designed by Lord Burlington. The Chiswick House has a simple symmetrical plan and consist of many Palldian style architectural elements.The Chiswick House then influenced Thomas Jeffreson’s Monticello in the United States. figure 2figure 3 By the late 18th century, Thomas Jeffer son had embraced the neoclassical style in his designs for Monticello (figure 4) and the Virginia State Capitol (figure 5). Monticello was based on the neoclassical principles of Andrea Palladio. Monticello is similar in appearance to the Chiswick House. The Virginia State Capitol is the first Neoclassical building in the United States, inspired by the Mason Carae, with Etruscan stairs, portico, and triangular pediment. Jefferson advocated Neoclassicism as the official rchitectural style of the United States, also known as the Federal style after the American Revolution. For Jefferson, it implied new democracy by tracing its roots back to Greece, the origin of democracy. (figure 4)(figure 5) Neoclassicism was more than just an antique revival; it was a reaction against the over decorative Baroque Art and the Rococo Art of the times. Striving for equality after the revolution of United States and France, Neoclassicism quickly expanded and influenced Europe and North America in decora tive arts, literature, architecture, and music.In the end, it also lead people to a new way of thinking. Bibliography Buie Harwood, Bridgate May, and Curt Sherman, Architecture and Interior Design through the 18th Century. Encyclopedia Britannica, NEOCLASSICISM, http://lilt. ilstu. edu/jhreid/neoclassicism. htm Architecture 411, Neo-Classical Architecture, http://www. architecture411. com/notes/note. php? id_note=6 GreatBuildings, Neo-Classical Architecture, http://www. greatbuildings. com/types/styles/neo-classical. html